Which of the following is an example of an external geological process?

Weathering is correctly identified as an external geological process as it pertains to the breakdown and alteration of rocks and minerals by environmental factors like water, air, and temperature changes. This process is crucial in shaping the Earth's surface, contributing to soil formation, and influencing geological landscapes over time. External processes, in general, involve factors that occur at or near the Earth's surface, and weathering is a primary mechanism that operates in this context, differentiating it from processes that are more internal, such as plate tectonics and volcanism, which occur beneath the Earth's crust. Metamorphosis, on the other hand, is related to changes that occur in rocks due to significant pressure and temperature but is not a geological process.